Global Broadcasting Systems :: essays research papers

This book is about the global broadcasting systems. The Preface says that things are changing so fast that the book will probably be outdated by the time we read it. On the other hand, it does provide a clear picture of television and other media around the world, at the moment in time when the authors did their research. The writers got help from their colleagues, as well as questions and comments by students, in order to put the book together in its final form. It has seven chapters, a Glossary, a list of Further Reading, and an index. Each chapter discusses one aspect of global broadcasting. Chapter One is titled "The World Telecommunications Revolution." The empowerment of consumers is changing the way global telecommunications works, even though this is not the aim of the media distributors. Many professionals in the field "believe that the future is a multimedia retrieval system for everyone" (p. 1). World communications systems can make it possible to get any almost television show in the world, from almost anywhere in the world. Different cultures might require different types of programming around the world. On the other hand, shows like CNN have made the formats of programs uniform around the world. Will we have diversity, or uniformity, in the future? Chapter Two is titled "World Systems Overview." There are hundreds of millions of television sets and radios all over the world. Countries like the US, Canada, and England have sophisticated broadcast systems. Developing countries like those in Central and South America do not. Some countries have private broadcasters, and others have government broadcasters. Some countries have a mix of both private and government ownership. Chapter Three is titled "Control and Regulation of World Systems." The variety of control, from complete government control of broadcasting systems to total privatization of ownership, depends on the form of government in each country. The US has private ownership, but the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates broadcasting. Canada has government broadcasting by the Canadian Broadcasting Company (CBC), but they also have private ownership because they want diversity in programming. In Cuba the government has control over all stations. Chapter Four is titled "Financing Global Electronic Media." The source of funds for broadcasting could be government subsidy, private advertising, or donations by the viewing public. Most of the broadcasting in the US is supported by advertising. The Canadian government supports the CBC because they believe that it is important for the growth of national culture and education.

My writing ritual

The writing process Is new to me since Vie been out of school for 2 plus years. I am a new writer thus I am learning new writing techniques that produces a more unique personalized writing for me. The new technique I have learned Is writing rituals which are a detailed act or series of acts carried out by an Individual to relieve anxiety or to forestall the development of anxiety. Also (psycho) any repetitive behavior, such as hand-washing, performed by a person with a compulsive personality disorder.These steps will explain its self and it'll show how it can also be plied to your everyday life. The rituals I use help to relieve stress when writing and is very important doing so. Although the steps I take are very tedious and well- structured, I put myself in a mind to produce well papers that represent not only me as a student but as a creative mouth piece generating an art. In order to succeed with a well-grounded paper I use these steps that I will explain in detail in following p ages. Introduction As for me to begin my process to write, I prepare my mind, body, and soul.Whether, for homework, a speech, guidelines, or announcements, I have to prepare yeses or I won't be able to focus and be easily distracted. I've noticed my preparations have made my writing extremely successful. These steps will explain it and it'll show how it can also be applied to your everyday life. Step by Step Beginning my days at 6 A. M. Get dressed, brush my teeth and wash my face. Then, I go downstairs to make coffee. I like everything to be clean and organized so I clean the kitchen, put all the clean dishes away (from the day before) and fix the couch.I make my coffee and go back upstairs. I play Soft Charlatans music to set the atmosphere. So I'm not so tense while I'm writing, I use the yoga ball to stretch my muscles. Then, I set up my computer, take out my notes that Ill need, and look at the assignments that are due. If I get overwhelmed, I like to go for a walk and think ab out the assignment. I ask myself how I can complete it successfully, have I ever done this type of assignment before, and can it be applied to reality? I also do research to further my understanding and to make sure I have the right ideas for the assignment.Before I get started, I like to get a cold glass of water, some fruit, rackets, or peanuts so I wont lose my focus. Think of this as food for thought! And these are my steps to succeed. With the writing rituals I listed above show what I use to create assignments and how important they are to me producing a well-organized paper. I like to succeed; I take my education very seriously so this exercise has shown me that I'm going down the right path. During this course, Vie learned in order to succeed; I have to take extra steps to accomplish my goals. I think this course has helped me improve in all aspects of my life.

Social Psychology How The Thoughts, Feelings And...

Social psychology is the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of individuals are influenced with the presence or implied presence of others. This classic definition of social psychology expresses that people are influenced by other people to do things they would not normally do if alone. For example, a person may be more encouraged to do strange things if others are doing it as well. Stage hypnotism is a form of entertainment found in parties and other social events. In stage hypnotism, a group of people are allegedly under the control of a hypnotist who has put them in an alleged trance. In this â€Å"trance-like† state, this group of people are more suggestible to perform for the audience. This is due in part of the gradual increase of the requests, peer pressure, and compliance. During the final weeks of my senior year in High School, my class was heavily encouraged to participate in a show. This show was going to feature a stage hypnotist as well as a group of volunteers from the audience who would be influenced by the hypnotist to behave in an embarrassing manner in front of a large audience of peers and friends. Upon arriving at the show, the stage hypnotist introduced himself and began to build his credibility by boasting at the amount of people he has had under his control at one time. The stage hypnotist joked that he would make the students to incredibly embarrassing things such as tell their deepest and darkest secrets, butShow MoreRelatedFritz Heiders Influence Of Social Psychology884 Words   |  4 PagesAt the beginning of the 1900s, Social Psychology was in its infancy as psychologists studied individuals and how they thought, felt, and behaved in their social environment. Scientific methods were developed to describe, capture, and measure social relationships and their influence. Fritz Heider was such a psychologists and his work still influences social psychology and its research today. Judgement of con duct, a current study by Dr. Wong Yee Cheung, is influenced by the work of Heider. The workRead MoreEssay about William James’ and the Legacy He Left Behind1234 Words   |  5 PagesMany people attribute modern psychology to psychologist such as Sigmund Freud, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. Though, they were a part of developing modern psychology, many forget to recognize important founders such as William James. According to King, Viney and Woody, James came from a family with a strict father, raised in tolerance. James and his father had many encounters because of their different views. They were a wealthy and cultured family. James attended Harvard, studying a broad spectrumRead MoreSociological Aspects Of Social Psychology901 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Psychology According to Gordon Allport , â€Å"social psychology is an attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behavior of individuals is influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.† (Allport, 1954) There are two differing branches when referring to social psychology: 1. The sociological aspect of social psychology, which was mainly developed in Europe as a subdivision of sociology. 2. The psychological aspect of social psychology, which was developedRead MoreSocial Psychology : A Unique Subfield Of Psychology1474 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology is a unique subfield of psychology. The history of the psychology dates back in 387 BC when Plato had inferred that the human brain is a device comprising of mental structures. Charles Darwin coined the theory of evolution called â€Å"Survival of the Fittest† when he disseminated his On the Origin of Species in 1859. Many other names have made major contributions in the field of psychology. However, it was Leon Festinger, in 1957, who propositioned his postulation of â€Å" CognitiveRead MoreSchool of Thoughts in Psychology1604 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Schools of Thought in  Psychology When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The first school of thought, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought that have influenced our knowledge andRead MoreSocial Psychology : How An Individual s Thoughts, Feelings, And Behaviors937 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Psychology is the study of how an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual or imagined, implied presence of others. Social Psychology deals with the factors that lead us as individuals to behave in a given way when around others, and looks at the conditions under which certain behaviors, actions and feelings occur. Throughout Social Psychology there are many concepts that help to explain these ideas and how they are influenced. Many concepts that are withinRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Understanding And Theoretical Understanding1573 Words   |  7 Pages Developmental Psychology also can be thought as how a person develops though out their life. Developmental Psychology started out being concerned with earliest stage of a chil d now it has broadened to add teenagers, adult, and the whole life of a person. Developmental psychology consider development over a wide area of issues like motor skill, emotional intellectual associated with topics like problem solving, moral understanding and theoretical understanding. From the beginning of birth toRead MoreEssay on Theoretical Positions of Jung, Adler, and Freud1471 Words   |  6 Pagesearly structuralist perspectives in psychology, early functionalists were hard at work developing theories that were more qualitative in nature. Although not directly associated with the functionalism movement, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James were clearly most concerned with how psychology could improve the lives of the individual and less inclined to laboratory research. Through each psychologist’s theory, the underlying tone is how one can identify and develop treatmentRead MoreSocial Psychology: The Study of Influences Essay1420 Words   |   6 PagesSince the beginning of humanity, people have attempted to understand behavior. Rather it is a mother trying to understand her son adamant dislike for broccoli, or a psychologist trying to understand criminal behavior, â€Å"why† has always been a question that has been explored. Psychology, or the study of â€Å"why†, has been attempting to answer such questions for centuries. Although there are many answers (reflected in the number of schools of psychology), Social psychology attempts to explain the environmentalRead MoreI Am A Sophomore Attending American Public University Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagescoml Abstract Social psychology focuses on all aspects that we utilize to learn, adopt, create, feel, think, and retrieve thoughts. We learn these things in order to effectively conserve and improve our overall wellness through our interactions with others. Social cognition, or how we think and process our thoughts, is one of the main three pillars of social psychology. It compliments the other two areas that stabilizes a cognitive social structure; affecting how we process and express our

The Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. To Acquire or Not...

1) The acquisition of Pixar would be beneficial to Disney due to how both companies’ businesses are related. This related acquisition would lead to the formation of more synergies and hence create value through the integration of their resources and capabilities. By acquiring some of Pixar’s core competencies and strengths, Disney may realise a new growth potential while reinforcing its strategic competitiveness. Firstly, the acquisition would cause Disney’s market power to rise due to the increase of its resources and capabilities to compete in the industry and also a greater share in the market. This is of great importance due to the intense competitiveness in the industry that is dominated by only a few key players. Any increase in†¦show more content†¦Thus the acquisition of Pixar was necessary for its survival. In addition, by having access to the Pixar brand and its characters, they would help to supplement Disney’s existing characters across its different businesses like theme parks, merchandise, and television, which provide more sales opportunities. Despite the dilution of Disney’s earnings per share, it is for the short-term. The acquisition fills a crucial strategic gap for Disney and can create long-term value for its shareholders. As such, Pixar is a â€Å"near perfect strategic fit† for Disney and hence should be acquired by Disney to remain competitive. 2) Pixar had a few alternatives besides being acquired by Disney. One alternative for Pixar was to vertically integrate forward and enable distribution of its own content instead of relying on Disney by acquiring smaller media companies. However, this would be a highly unrelated diversification for Pixar and possibly create diseconomies of scope. Pixar would also face rigorous competition from other media conglomerates like Disney, Universal and Paramount. Pixar, being a leader in CG animations and having an exemplary track record of producing blockbuster hits, had a lot of potential suitors which include Warner Bros., AOL, Time Warner, Fox and Sony. Any media companies that strikes a deal with Pixar may instantly forefront the animation market.Show MoreRelatedThe Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. to Acquire or Not to Acquire?606 Words   |  3 PagesThe Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. To Acquire or Not to Acquire? Andrii Alekseienko Corporate Strategy Case Study 18 September, 2015 The Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. To Acquire or Not to Acquire? To answer the main question of the case, we must think of the main problems that it faces. We need to find the solution for Bob Iger. What to do with Disney: to make some improvements in the existed company to compete better with Pixar, or to make a deal with another studio? Or shouldRead MoreMerger1346 Words   |  6 Pageslimited company can grow through the process of either organic growth or internal growth or through the process of merger and acquisition. In the following pages two different public limited companies listed in the United States are taken. One of the animation companies has international exposure and a history of merger and acquisition and other solely operating in USA with no history of merger and acquisition. Discussion Walt Disney Company which is commonly known as Disney is an AmericanRead MoreRobert Iger Knew That For Disney To Be Successful, The1223 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Iger knew that for Disney to be successful, the company has to get the animation business right, especially the new CG technology that was rapidly supplanting hand-drawn animation. The CEO is reflecting on the next steps to be taken by Disney. The available options include negotiating a new distribution deal with Pixar or other animation studios, acquire Pixar, or to reengineer Disney Animation to better compete with Pixar. Analysis: A SWOT analysis is conducted to illustrate the strengthsRead MoreDisney Pixar Case2049 Words   |  9 Pages------------------------------------------------- Re: The Walt Disney Company amp; Pixar, Inc. – To Acquire or Not to Acquire? For more than a decade, Disney and Pixar have enjoyed a very profitable and productive partnership. Disney provided rich resources and entertainment business insight, including marketing and distribution acumen, which allowed Pixar to grow far beyond a software producer to the leader in computer-generated animated movies. Conversely, Pixar revitalized creativity into Disney’s outputRead MoreCase Study : Walt Disney Company1789 Words   |  8 Pages1 – Chapter One 1.1 – Case Study Background: The Walt Disney Company was founded on October 16, 1923 when Mr.Walt Disney signed a contract with Mr. Winkler for producing a series of Alice Comedy. Then the company never stop. Its first cartoon Trolley Troubles was released in 1927 whereas, very first â€Å"Mickey Mouse† cartoon was released in 1928 and it was also the first appearance of â€Å"Minnie Mouseon† on screen. Moreover, the first full-color cartoon Flowers and Trees was released in 1932 whichRead MorePixar Of Pixar Animation Studios1106 Words   |  5 PagesBackground Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California. The studio is best known for its CGI-animated feature films. Pixar was founded as The Graphics Group, which was one third of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm that was launched in 1979 with the hiring of Dr. Ed Catmull from the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT). Pixar group, which numbered 40 individuals, was spun out as a corporation in February 1986 with investment by SteveRead MoreExecutive Summary : Walt Disney Company5985 Words   |  24 Pagesa decision regarding The walt Disney Company’s relation with Pixar. Though, history defined their collaboration and success. Pixar’s CEO Mr. Steve Jobs has tried to negotiate the contract but with no success because The Walt Disney Company wants to stay with previous terms. This pushed Steve Jobs to find for partnership with others. This search is a big threat for The Walt Disney Company and it has to decide whether to acquire Pixar or not. Through defining both company the write of this report willRead MoreCase Study : Walt Disney Company5336 Words   |  22 Pages1 – Chapter One 1.1 – Case Study Background: The Walt Disney Company was founded on October 16, 1923 when Mr. Walt Disney signed a contract with Mr. Winkler for producing a series of Alice Comedy. Then the company never stop. Its first cartoon Trolley Troubles was released in 1927 whereas, very first â€Å"Mickey Mouse† cartoon was released in 1928 and it was also the first appearance of â€Å"Minnie Mouse† on screen. Moreover, the first full-colour cartoon Flowers and Trees was released in 1932 whichRead MoreDisney Pixar1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe partnership between Pixar and Disney has deep roots, going way back to 1991. The first result was 1995’s Toy Story, which revolutionized the world of computer animation. Ever since, Pixar films have been distributed by the Walt Disney Company, proudly displaying both the Pixar logo Luxo Jr. and the Disney castle. Disney recently acquired Pixar Studios at a price of over $7.4 billion. The terms include giving Jobs an estimated 7% stake in Disney and letting Pixar s top creative executiveRead MoreDisney and Pixar Alliance2230 Words   |  9 PagesDisney and Pixar have created many recognizing animation together over a decade that most people might not know that. The alliance has proven a success from many animations like Toy Story, Finding Nemo, Up and etc. Both company have allies to make many animation which led to Disney acquire Pixar. The alliance looks like a simple task at first for both companies as they only contribute certain resources to the partnership but the more time passes the more difficult it’s become. The relationship was

Transcendentalism The And The Movement - 1027 Words

Transcendentalism Web Quest Directions: Research the answers to these questions online using reputable websites. As you work, copy and paste the website URLs that you use at the bottom of this document (you do not need to create a Works Cited page). Type your answers into this document. Make sure that all of your answers are in your own words. You will be submitting this document via www.turnitin.com and need to be sure that you are not plagiarizing. If you plagiarize from an online source or another student, you will receive a zero. Make sure that your answers to the questions are accurate and in complete sentences. This is a major grade due on Friday at 11:59 pm. There will be a 10 point per day late penalty. Define Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a philosophical movement that developed in the 1820s and 1830s. The movement was a reaction against the general state of intellectualism. During what years did the movement occur? The Transcendentalist movement occurred during the 1820s, and 1830s. List 5 major authors associated with the movement Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Explain what Transcendentalist believed about each of the following topics: Human Nature They were to live independently, all you need is your mind, knowledge is born with. They also believed that an institution isn t necessary, and it s better to live independently. Truth A system of thought based, on a belief of the essential unity of allShow MoreRelatedThe Transcendentalism Movement Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesI picked the Transcendentalism Movement because I found it to be very interesting. From all the different literary movements we had to choose from Transcendentalism seemed the most revolutionary. It was an entirely new way of thinking for America back in the 1800’s. The Transcendental Movement started around 1835. The movement was all about individualism and spiritualism. The idea was that you could achieve true spirituality with god not through the doctrines of man but through communionRead MoreTranscendentalism : A Philosophical Movement1815 Words   |  8 PagesTranscendentalism in Emerson’s Poetry Transcendentalism was a philosophical movement in America that developed during the early 19th century. Ralph Waldo Emerson is one of the most famous transcendental writers. Transcendental ideas are different with every writer and poet, but some key points are always present in transcendental literature: â€Å"The indwelling of the divine in the human soul; the superiority of the individual over society...intuition, imagination, and vision as the ways of understandingRead MoreTranscendentalism : The Philosophical Movement1786 Words   |  8 PagesTranscendentalism was the philosophical movement that emphasized the break from increasing formalized religion in the 19th century. The leading figure of Transcendentalism was the writer and speaker Ralph Waldo Emerson. However, there were many other figures associated with Transcendentalism: Henry David Thoreau, author of Walden; Amos Bronson Alcott, father of Louisa May Alcott; and Margaret Fuller, an early feminist writer and editor. T he 19th century Transcendentalists, in their purest sense,Read MoreTranscendentalism : A Philosophical And Literary Movement1725 Words   |  7 PagesTranscendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement that started in the mid 19th Century in the U.S.A as a reaction against the dogma and industrialization of the time, placing individualism and self-reliance above the views of social institutions and the government. It was also, in part, an attempt at creating a uniquely American literature style completely different to the established English/European styles used in the past. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a highly influential writer that ledRead MoreThe Literary Movement of Transcendentalism Essay examples872 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Transcendentalism was a literary movement in the first half of the 19th century. The philosophical theory contained such aspects as self-examination, the celebration of individualism, and the belief that the fundamental truths existed outside of human experience. Fulfillment of this search for knowledge came when one gained an acute awareness of beauty and truth, and communicated with nature to find union with the Over-Soul. When this occurred, one was cleansed ofRead MoreTranscendentalism : An Idealistic Philosophical And Social Movement1120 Words   |  5 PagesTranscendentalism, which according to the dictionary means: â€Å"an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England around 1836 in reation to rationalism. Influenced by romanticism, Platonism, and Kantian philosophy, it taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity, and its members held progressive views on feminism and communal living†. Transcendentalism is an American Literary, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century. This is thought is centeredRead MoreTranscendentalism in America: The Philosophical and Literary Movement1062 Words   |  5 Pagesspirituality. In the end, authors in America created Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement that searches for individual truth through spiritual reflection, complete solitude, and a deep connection with nature. Because this was established by authors, many of them wrote different pieces reflecting and using the beliefs of Transcendentalism. Ralph Waldo Emerson was considered to be the father of Transcendentalism. He wrote many influential pieces that follow andRead MoreTranscendentalism, A Powerful Intellectual And Philosophical Movement1781 Words   |  8 PagesTranscendentalism, a powerful intellectual and philosophical movement founded by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the early nineteenth century, was guided by the principle that individuals are inherently good and function at their best when they are independent and self-reliant. Striving to produce a philosophy that would serve a new nation, transcendentalists believed that religious institutions and political parties would eventually corrupt the natural pure goodness of man. Transcendentalist ideology furtherRead MoreTranscendentalism : An American Artistic And Philosophical Movement1823 Words   |  8 Pages Transcendentalism wa s an American artistic and philosophical movement similar to the Romantic movement of Europe. The movement praised the efforts of mankind as individuals instead of depicting humanity as a crowd of like-minded people. Transcendentalists admired the former great thinkers of the world from Aristotle and Jesus to Copernicus and Newton for their confidence and persistence in the face of opposition. The movement encouraged many in the United States to express their creativity andRead MoreRalph Waldo Emersons Connection To Transcendentalism1223 Words   |  5 Pagesto write about a Massachusetts-born American poet and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson who was part of the Transcendentalist movement which geared philosophical thinking that involved viewing women as equal. Philip F. Gura, Transcendentalism and Social Reform, History Now, assessed May 14, 2017, https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/first-age-reform/essays/transcendentalism-and-social-reform. Emerson s support for women s suffrage prompted him to write A Reasonable Reform to promote anti-suffrage

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Qualitative Methodology Free Essays

Cotte’s paper primarily deals with the Economic, Symbolic and Hedonic motives of gambling (2-3). Her method is centered on Ethnographic Participant Observation (1). The study was conducted on a Northeastern casino (10) for 90 hours that was accumulated through 30 visits between October 1995 and March 1996 (9). We will write a custom essay sample on Strengths and Weaknesses of the Qualitative Methodology or any similar topic only for you Order Now This critique will concentrate on the analysis of Cotte’s Literature Review, Research Design and Methods and Subjects chosen for the study. Literature Review Cotte’s literature review tackles the economic, symbolic and hedonistic motives of recreational gambling. With an emphasis centered on â€Å"Experiential Consumption† (6) which explains the role of motives in human behaviors and decisions, the paper was able to prove its point that the human drive to gamble stems out from the desire to learn and evaluate the game (12), to have a feeling of a â€Å"rush† (14), to demonstrate self definition such as being a â€Å"variety-seeker, rebel, and casino pro† (15), to fulfill the desire to be a risk-taker (18) and to view â€Å"cognitive self classification† that is primarily achieved through â€Å"interpersonal relationships† (19). Similarly, the study reveals that urge for â€Å"emotional self classifications† are also evident (19); similarly, human competition (20) and communion (21) are also part of the characteristics that were studied. The paper’s main criticism for the author’s literature review is: Cotte, by opting to focus on the hedonistic aspect of gambling has established the claim that recreational gambling primarily is a result of emotion in its most â€Å"barbaric sense† and provides no rational explanation whatsoever on the concept of recreational gambling. Cotte presented eight cells (12-21) which tells the reason in a form of conversation between her (i. e. the researcher) or other people through overheard conversations or observations explaining why people gamble. It could be significantly noted that Cotte have made various explanations linking the results of the observation and or interview to her related literature; and it appears that those explanations are only liked to the situations wherein there is an emphasis on the hedonistic drive (12-18). The author explained that the feeling of excitement, rush, the unknown etc are the primary reasons why people keep on coming back to the casino and even bringing their families with them to gamble as well (18). However, the paper would like to assert that although the first few cells are significantly linked on the theories that the author used, the last three cells were explained by the author in such an abrupt manner that she suddenly inserts a theory that in no way was she was able to elaborate on her literature review (19, 21). The Utilitarian Theory which definition is not established or discussed at all was inserted and was used to explain â€Å"emotional self classification† (19) and communing (21) . In virtue of its philosophical roots, the Utilitarian theory was introduced by JS Mill and is commonly known of having this maxim: the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. However, the paper would want to establish that the author coined a different concept to the theory by equating utilitarianism to â€Å"rationality† which is definitely not the case. The paper acknowledges however that linguistics of course allows convention to give a different meaning to a particular word. However, if this is the case, the author should have at least provided an operational definition on her review of related literature. Research Design and Methods The author’s method is qualitative research focusing on Ethnographic Participant Observation (1). Her data gathering method was done primarily through unstructured interviews (Bailey, 1994) and observation (Holloway, 2002). The paper has two main criticisms: (1) Unstructured interviews are relatively prone to bias (Bailey, 1994, 195). The unstructured interview wherein the interviewer has the advantages of probing her subjects more has a high degree of possibility to be interpreted in a different manner than what the subjects really intend it to be (195). Also, in comparing the unstructured interview to the structured interview, Bailey argued that â€Å"the mere fact that a highly structured interview has a neatly typed questionnaire is easy to code, and seems to be reliable does not ensure that the information gathered will be superior to that gathered with an unstructured interview† (195). (2) The second criticism of the paper is that observations that are primarily documented through field notes and should be in four types: condensed account, the expanded account, the fieldwork journal, and analysis and interpretation notes (Holloway, 2002, 135). However, it could be noted that the author has made clear on her paper that she only has â€Å"field notes† (which is a generalized note) and â€Å"introspections† (10) for her data gathering. Holloway (2002) by quoting Spradley (1979) on her book explained that it is necessary that all of these field notes should be done by any researcher who will use the Ethnographic method. However, the paper also recognizes the advantages of the unstructured research. It is also noted by Bailey (1994) that most cases reveal that unstructured interviews have the capability of eliciting more favorable responses from its subjects. The fact that the interview is more informal in its setting and is generally friendly, most researchers are able to get the innermost feelings of their subjects that the subjects on the other hand might not consciously realize that they possess. Similarly, the descriptive ethnography method (Holloway, 2002) is capable of presenting an account of a particular behavior on a specific area or industry. Similar on the case of the recreational gamblers in the northeast, the author was able to present what type of recreational gamblers those people are going in that casino. Cotte’s output as she stated on the latter part of her paper could be grounds for better and improved researches. Subjects of the Study The subjects of the study are randomly chosen. As evident on the research conducted, the author claims that most of the data gathered are from abrupt conversations, overheard conversations and observations. Hence, the paper claims that there is no way that the author could further verify if the same emotions or motives still apply after that particular day or the days after that particular study. Similarly, the context of the study (Holloway, 2002) that is in Northeast America does not allow the study’s conclusion to be extended to other locations or cultural contexts. Conclusion: The paper would say that the author’s attempts to verify that recreational gambler’s motivations in gambling are primarily driven by their hedonistic motives are successful. However, there should be enough detail that should be given in terms of the literature’s completeness, further efforts to make the methodology more valid and a more diverse choosing of the respondents. Literature Cited Holloway, I. (2002). Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relations and Marketing Communications. London: Routledge. Bailey K. (1994). Methods of Social Research. New York: The Free Press. How to cite Strengths and Weaknesses of the Qualitative Methodology, Papers

Cosmetology free essay sample

Throated Dixie Throated Dixie brought the introduction of mental asylums and hospitals for the mentally sick. She encouraged the poor and sick people to get better as soon as they can. Since Throated Dixie has taken this opportunity to help, it has changed the lives of many mentally ill children and adults. Throated Lynda Dixie was born on April 4, 1802, in Hampered, Maine. She was the eldest of three children, and her father, Joseph Dixie, was a religious fanatic and distributor of religious tracts who made Throated stitch and paste the tracts together, a chore she hated.Dixie had many admirers over her lifetime, and was briefly engaged to her second cousin, Edward Bangs, she never married. Therefore she had no children. Dixie worked closely with Dry. Thomas Kiered, a Philadelphia physician whose philosophy for building and running hospitals to treat the insane was known as The Kiered plan. The New Jersey State antic Asylum was the first Kiered Plan hospital to be built; it is now known as the Trenton Psychiatric Hospital. She served as Superintendent of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.Throated Dies work exposing and pushing for legislative changes in the conditions under which the mentally ill were housed and treated led to phenomenal reforms. Prisons and almshouses, where people suffering from mental illness were housed side-by-side with criminals or the poor, gave way to exclusively dedicated facilities. Dixie s work resulted in the founding of thirty-two mental hospitals or mental Institutions dedicated specifically to the care of the mentally ill. Prisons at the time were unregulated and unhygienic, with violent criminals housed side by side with the mentally ill.Dixie visited every public and private facility she could access, documenting the conditions she found with unflinching honesty. She then presented her findings to the legislature of Massachusetts, demanding that officials take action toward reform. Her reports-?filled with dramatic accounts of prisoners flogged, starved, chained, physically and sexually abused by their keepers, and left naked and without heat or sanitation-?shocked her audience and gallivanted a movement to improve conditions for the imprisoned and insane. Life at the Dixie Mansion was extremely different than Throated was accustomed to.Her grandmother was wealthy and demanded that Throated act and have interests of a wealthy girl. Her grandmother hired a dance instructor and a seamstress to cater to Trochees personal needs. However, Throated did not want any of these things. At one point her grandmother punished her severely when she was trying to give food and her new clothes to the beggar children who were standing at their front gate. At the age of fourteen, Madame Dixie requested that her sister, who lived in Worcester, take care of Throated for a while and turn her into a lady. Mrs..Duncan, Madame Dies sister, agreed to this since she was always very fond of Throated. Once she arrived at her great aunts house Throated immediately took on the role of young lady so she could return to her brothers. However, she was to stay with her Aunt for nearly four years. Trochees second career began when she was thirty-nine years old. In March of 1 841 she entered the East Cambridge Jail. She had volunteered to teach a Sunday School class for women inmates. Upon entering the jail she witnessed such horrible images that her life, from that point on, was changed forever.Within the confines of this jail she observed prostitutes, drunks, criminals, retarded individuals, and the mentally ill were all housed together in unheated, unfurnished, and foul-smelling quarters (Vine Zurich, 1982). When asked why the jail was in these conditions her answer was, the insane do not feel heat or cold. After witnessing these conditions she immediately took the matter to the courts and after a serious of battles finally won. Throated then proceeded to visit jails and almshouses, where the mentally ill were housed, in other parts of Boston and soon her investigations extended over the entire state of Massachusetts.She made careful and extensive notes as she visited with jailers, caretakers and townspeople. Finally she put together all this data and shaped a carefully worded document to be delivered to the Massachusetts legislature. She had influence within the legislature, since she Was good friends with the governor. In addition her timid presentation of her findings completely won over the legislative board because her conviction was so powerful. After a heated debate over the topic the material won legislative support and funds were set side for the expansion of Worcester State Hospital.Trochees views about the treatment of the mentally ill were radical at the time. The popular belief was that the insane would never be cured and living within their dreadful conditions was enough for them. However Throated, just by bettering the conditions of the inmates, showed people that mental illness wasnt all incurable. She stated that some may say these things cannot be remedied, these furious maniacs are not to be raised from these base conditions. I know they are L could give many examples. One such is a young woman who was or years a raging maniac chained in a cage and whipped to control her acts and words.She was helped by a husband and wife who agreed to take care of her in their home and slowly she recovered her senses. Although Throated didnt know the mental processes that were occurring within these individuals she knew that improving their conditions wouldnt hurt them. Throated Dixie has been described as the most effective advocate of humanitarian reform in American mental institutions during the nineteenth century (Golden, 1970). However, her achievements are only mentioned in five of the current fifty-three textbooks covering the history of psychology.The reason given for this is that she did not contribute to our understanding of the nature of mental disorders. However, she is only in of todays general history books. Although this may seem something hard to fathom Throated Dixie herself would have wanted it this way. In her life, she was inconspicuous with her work to say the least. She did not place her name on most of her publications. She refused to have hospitals named after her. Expressions of praise and gratitude for her work always produced embarrassment.In later years of her retirement she refused to talk about her achievements and wanted them to rest in silence. Should that silence continue? Since Throated Dixie has taken this opportunity to help, it has changed the lives of many mentally ill children and adults. Throated Dixie will always be known for introducing mental asylums and hospitals for the mentally sick. Her encouragement not only helped the mentally sick, but also encouraged others to help too. If I am cold, they are cold; if I am weary, they are distressed; if am alone, they are abandoned.