The media and today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The media and today - Essay Example Meeuwis in 1993 illustrated the effectiveness of media by highlighting the role of television and press in the creation of nationalism in Serbia.1 Stuart Ewen argues that advertising has a more significant power in human collective consciousness as compared to the credit, which is given to it. Moreover, the two theories Social Learning theory and Cultivation theory also describe the importance of modern media in shaping the perceptions of people.2 In 1990, Abernethy found 32 percent rate of television commercial avoidance and in 1994, King found 35 percent audience claiming to watch ads.3 â€Å"Advertising effectiveness does vary over time, and when the market is in an unfavourable or unsaturated condition, advertising generally becomes more important and effective (Chung and Kaiser 1998).†4 A research conducted by Campbell, Margaret C. and Kevin Lane Keller on Television ads and internet ads showed that on both media the â€Å"wear out point happens sooner when the ad being repeated is for an unfamiliar brand as opposed to a familiar brand.†5 Marketing Evaluation research show that nowadays, power of media mix or ‘Surround Sound Marketing’ is greater as compared to what one medium can produce, thereby, highlighting a reduced effectiveness of media.6 Moreover, the Association of National Advertisers (ANA) revealed that about 62 percent of marketers uphold that in the last two years, the television a dvertising has become less effective.7 In short, a radical changed has been seen in the advertising industry in the last few years. A logical perspective is that the consumers’ past responses to the media advertising is not the same because of the changing tastes, demographics, competition, economic and social factors, advertising theme etc. Furthermore, the marketing world has changed and even a target market consumer of a product/service is not considered to be ‘effectively exposed’, unless he watches the ad at least three to four times.

U.S. Supreme Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U.S. Supreme Court - Essay Example Kagan became Pres. Obamas official nominee to replace retiring Associate Justice John Paul Stevens in 2010. It was easy to see why he would nominate her to the position. In his own words, Pres. Obama described her admirable character traits (Scherer, M., 2010) that led to her nomination as : â€Å"Elena is respected and admired not just for her intellect and record of achievement, but also for her temperament, her openness to a broad array of viewpoints, her habit — to borrow a phrase from Justice [John Paul] Stevens — of understanding before disagreeing, her fair-mindedness and skill as a consensus builder.† Ms. Kagan was nominated during a time of trial for our nation. America was in the grips of the worst recession to ever hit its people, the economy was in shambles and the previous Bush administration had often circumvented the law in order to fulfill its own political agenda. She was in effect, coming into a wounded supreme court that needed to be rehabilitated for hits own good. With her nomination, the president was merely trying to put the best person he could find in to fill the job. By his standards, she fit the bill to a T. There was no political agenda behind it and no lobby group behind her nomination. If there were, she would not have eventually been confirmed. That is not to say though that her nomination was without controversy. there were accusations coming from the GOP, who were actively campaigning against her nomination, that Kagan often defied the constitution by disallowing the military access to students on the Harvard campus during her tenure as Dean at the prestigious university. Columnist Phyllis Schlafly claimed that Kagan had â€Å"defied the Solomon Amendment" -- a statute requiring schools to provide the same access to military recruiters that they provide to other potential employers or lose federal funding†. While Foxs Sean Hannity also reported that she had â€Å"led an effort to "kick

Homework wk 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homework wk 4 - Assignment Example A short-term loan is a loan given for at most a three-year period. An overdraft is where the bank allows a customer to overdraw money from the bank, which happens within the banks limits. A variable rate of interest is charged on the amount the corporation is overdrawn on daily basis. Short-term borrowing has a self-liquidating nature, where the company gets short-term loans, uses it get more inventory that in turn promote production of more final product to meet demand. Receivables as a result of the sales thereafter, become cash which is used to pay for the seasonal short-term loan and cover related long-term financing costs. These sources of liquidity involve an agreement between a credit offering facility and the company. Therefore, a variable or fixed rate interest is always charged according to the policies and terms and conditions of the lender. With the annual average purchases and the average accounts payable it is possible to get accounts payable turnover ratio which is the number of times the accounts payable are turned over or purchases paid for in a

A Brief History of Energy Use in Human Societies Essay Example for Free

A Brief History of Energy Use in Human Societies Essay The industrial revolution started the intensive use of oil, coal and natural gas. The development of factories, cars, and technological advances marks the start of air pollution. Smog from factories and the release of carbon dioxide from cars began to become detrimental to the environment as well as to health. Ever since the world continues to burn fossil fuels and will continue to do so. Factories, motor vehicles, buses, etc., are used throughout the world to provide people with transportation, products or food and have been a leading cause of air pollution. Similarly, these things have led to a series of environmental issues as well as health concerns, including many respiratory diseases (The Industrial Age). Although air pollution is a concern throughout the world, developing nations take different approaches to concerns as well as developed nations. Most of the worlds children live in developing nations, which means that they are exposed to higher levels of poverty and have different levels of health quality as oppose to developed, wealthier nations (Loomis et al. 1999). In a country like Mexico for instance, childhood mortality is high. Mexico City is one of the most populated cities in the world, with a population of eighteen million people and three million motor vehicles (Borja-Aburto et al. 1998). Nevertheless, air pollution has the same effects on the respiratory system among the population in New York City. Similarly, it is also densely populated and traffic congestion leads to the emission of air pollutants that are harmful to respiratory health. Air pollution affects the respiratory system, causing different respiratory diseases in both Mexico City and New York City, but there are a number of different methods used in each city to prevent further air pollution. Many countries in Latin America are going through rapid industrialization, as well as an increase in transportation and have not yet resolved health concerns related to air pollution. Due to the poor sanitation that young kids experience in poor countries, they are becoming infected with many diseases, thus becoming more susceptible to respiratory diseases (Loomis et al. 1999). When poor children experience life-threatening diseases, they are more likely to die because they cannot receive medical attention. In addition, studies reveal that air pollution is the main cause of the increasing infant mortality in Mexico City (Loomis et al. 1999). The main pollutants that are of a concern in Mexico City are nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter and tropospheric ozone (BellML et al. 2006). It is estimated that the transportation sector is responsible for about forty percent of the particulate matter emissions in Mexico City. Transportation however, is a vital sector in Mexico City traffic congestion in Mexico City forces people to take transportation methods to reach work, school, etc. Similarly, a large part of the population lives in poverty, which means they cannot afford a car. In addition, it has been reported that ozone causes the airway inflammation among young children playing outdoors. Nitrogen oxides increase the chance of respiratory infections as well as wheezing (Bernstein JA et al. 2004). Particulate matter is associated with infant mortality and also includes an increasing number of absences of students in schools as well as emergency room visits for respiratory problems including asthma (Bell ML et al. 2006). In addition, a reduction of 10 percent of particulate matter and ozone levels would save 273 to 1189 lives every year as well as save 760 US dollars a year there would be less emergency room visits, less medicine to purchases, less days of work or school missed or hospital admissions. New York City, similar to Mexico, has an air pollution problem caused by motor vehicles. However, morbidity and asthma is higher in different communities around New York City South Bronx and Harlem. These communities for instance, have higher diesel exhaust le vels from bus depots, truck routes, and waste transfer stations (Patel et al. 2013). As a result, this diesel exhaust creates black carbon. The black carbon is linked to the increasing number of respiratory diseases as well as the hospital admissions among children and adolescence in Harlem and South Bronx (Patel et al. 2013). Similarly, Patel et al. also explain that short-term increases of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide are associated with airway inflammation among adults and children. The number of people being affected by air pollution will continue to grow, if no regulations to stop air pollution are enforced. Mexico city suffers from a serious air pollution problem, which has led to many respiratory diseases. However, there are policies that exist which help control air pollution. An air pollution problem that they face is ozone released from transportation methods. One measure Mexico City has taken to reduce vehicle pollution includes a motor vehicle Maintenance and Inspection (IM) program. This program keeps track of vehicle emissions to make sure th at the advanced emission control systems are working properly in modern-day cars (Riveros HG et al. 2002). In addition, catalytic converter devices added to the exhaust of a motor vehicle consisting of a catalyst that transforms pollutant gases into less dangerous ones were introduced in 1995 to Mexico City. In 1995, vehicles were emitting 70 percent less hydrocarbon, 75 percent less carbon monoxide and 65 percent less nitrogen oxide (Riveros HG et al. 2002). Similarly, methyl tertiary-butyl ether was added to gasoline beginning in 1995, to refine combustion efficiency and applied boundaries on the aromatic aspect of fuels as well as on the sulfur content in fuel used in industries (Mckinley G et al. 2005). However, despite the tries to limit air pollution, the levels of air pollution emissions remain high.The State of New York has many programs, which take care of the environment. For example, there is the Department of Environmental Conservation. This department carries out monitoring programs as well as pollution control. It also contains a Maintenance Program and requires a Vehicle Inspection, which monitors motor vehicle emissions and requires unsuccessful pollution control equipment to be fixed. Furthermore, New York City also has Inspection and Maintenance (IM) programs. These programs requires cars to take an annual emission inspection and requires a repair when emission system is not working properly. All of these methods are used in New York to prevent more air pollution to enter the atmosphere. As a result, although air pollution remains high in New York City, these methods to protect the environment from harmful pollutants (Controlling Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles).Air pollution is a major problem in both densely populated cities New York City and Mexico City. This problem has led to an increase in asthma, as well as other respiratory diseases. It has also led to an increasing number of hospital admissions, and emergency room visits. There are a large number of fatal deaths as a result of air pollution, which is why each city must have regulations to help eliminate the pollution. People are becoming sick, and a lot of money is being spent as a result of the pollution. Not only the people are suffering from this environmental problem, but the environment as well. Carbon emissions, as well as ozone are detrimental to Earth, as well as to health. Young children and seniors are the most vulnerable to these diseases, but something can be done to protect the citizens of these cities, and that is more air pollution control policies. Mexico City and New York City have regulations, but they are not enough to end the air pollution. Cars are a necessity in every major city around the world, which creates more air pollution for the world. However, more regulations need to be placed before the environment becomes greatly impacted by the man-produced emissions

Effects of Teaching Methods on Accelerated Learning

Effects of Teaching Methods on Accelerated Learning Teaching techniques and their effectiveness in developing accelerated learning within UK schools and colleges Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Research Background 2. Literature Review 3. Aims Objectives 4. Research Methodology Analysis References and Bibliography 1. Research Background The author of this report was taught using the traditional methods of teaching throughout the student life. The author came to know about a technique known as brain gym through an acquaintance and became aware of such techniques. This encouraged the author at a later stage to develop an understanding of accelerated learning and to see if it was considered effective by practitioners. Consequently, the author decided to base the dissertation on this topic within the context of English primary schools and colleges. After initiating the research the author realised that there was so much more to the topic of accelerated learning, and that there were numerous techniques associated with it that claimed to improve students learning. Hence the idea was to base the work on finding out how popular these teaching techniques were in relation to others and whether traditional teachers considered them effective. 2. Literature Review There is a huge amount of literature surrounding accelerated learning theory and different teaching techniques that claim to help develop students learning. In this section the author will make reference to a variety of techniques that are linked to accelerated learning theory but will discuss their perceived effectiveness in different situations while conducting the detailed literature review. While doing the complete literature review he author will also explore the current literature that describes the brains structure and how learning occurs, in order to help the readers understanding of how these various teaching technique help learning. Student centered education allow student to develop their real abilities by not distorting learning: this philosophy does not support traditional teaching techniques. The idea was originally conceived by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1762. It was thought that we should not focus on what information to teach students (primarily student’s), but teach subjects and skills in accordance to what natural talents a student possesses. The student will then develop in to a life long learner as each of them develops through stages (Sutherland, 1988). This idea has been associated with current educational policy that encourages us to become life long learners. Learning is not just about academic knowledge but is an experience that should be positive if it is to be effective. The author will now cite some of the techniques that were identified during the preliminary literature review. Brain gym is one such technique that is used to promote learning and is supposed to be effective when used with academic skills. Brain gym is used in educational kinesiology (Edu-k). There are three main types of activity that promote different processes: Crossing the midline essential for writing and reading, Lengthening activities helps in expression of stored memory, skills such as test taking, speech and writing, Energy exercises helps to decrease stress and fatigue, increases the flow of energy around the body (Magidson, 2004, p.2). The ability to cross the midline refers to an individual being able to cross and use both hemispheres at once, where different types of information can be processed and moved from left to right and right to left. Some scientists suggest that this process is a key skill required for academic success (Dennison et al 1994). Brain gym activities have been created to help learners cross the midline in order to help improve co-ordination, breathing and stamina, enhance vision and hearing and improve spatial awareness (Cohen et al 2002). Skills that may improve include short-term memory and concentration (Drabben-Thiemann et al, 2001). There is some criticism of the technique because any form of physical activity seems to create a relaxed state (Adey et al, 2002). Target setting has been used to help individuals learn more effectively by organising information in to sections in the form of a target to be achieved. It is supposed to help the learner make sense of information and feel as if the task can be achieved in small steps. The brain stores information, and then retrieves it when appropriate in the form of memory. The short-term or working memory has limited capacity, compared to our long-term memory that is much greater (Prashnig, 1998). Learning tends to be more effective when spread out over a period of time with numerous revisits (Long, 2000). Target setting should review work regularly and be connected with other work if it is to enhance long-term memory; this requires consistency and the allocation of time to ensure the technique is effective. Like a placebo, if success is created in learning it is likely to be recreated in a similar experience (Stockwell, 1992). Target setting is suggested to be difficult to use in practice because the system is time consuming to set up (Naughton et al, 2001). VAK input technique uses different methods to present information and various activities to engage the students attention; depending on the way they prefer to process information. There are allegedly different types of learners: visual, auditory and kina-esthetic (Smith 1996). Neuro-lingusitic programming research has implied that in a class there are a certain percentage of learners who prefer one of the three types of input. Approximately 29% of learners prefer visual input methods, 34% auditory and 37% are kinaesthetic learners; teachers also subconsciously teach using their preferred method of input (IAL 2000). The traditional assumption that learning is more effective in a quiet atmosphere has been challenged by research conducted in to the effects of music on learning. Research in New Zealand implied that 40% of high school students preferred noisy environments to silent ones (Prashnig, 1998). When this technique is used in lessons it appears to stimulate activity in both hemispheres (Schuster el al, 1986). Educators need to be trained on what type of music has different effects on the state created in learners, if this technique is to be used (Northumberland LEA, 2004). Teachers tend to use a mixture of approaches depending on the situation in which they teach. Some are considered more effective than others, although each technique usually derives from a specific theory. There is an increasing amount of research being conducted on how we learn and what techniques may help. However one must remain cautious about how we apply these finding, because each one is dependent on the circumstances in which it was created. 3. Aims Objectives The primary aim of the research is to find out the different teaching techniques that are used and to determine if those associated with accelerated learning theory are popular, together with how effective they are in developing students learning. Additionally this dissertation will also provide with accurate, up-to-date, research-based information about possible future trends in accelerated learning techniques. And lastly, this research will try to provide possible suggestions and recommendations to be considered for the improvement of such techniques to develop ideas for further research in this context. To summarize some of the questions that will be addressed through this research are as follows: What teaching techniques are used to develop students learning? The need for such techniques to be used? Effectiveness and implications of such techniques? What are the possible alternatives? Student involvement in the use of such techniques? 4. Research Methodology Analysis A collection of methodologies will be used to carry out this research. Both primary and secondary data will be collected for this purpose. The secondary data will comprise of data from literature reviewed from books, journals, Internet and the annual reports of the institutions while the primary data will take the form of information/results collected from the case study and questionnaire. The researcher has chosen the Case study and Survey strategies for the research. Both of them are common and popular strategy in educational research. â€Å"A case study is a detailed examination of one setting, or one single subject, or one single repository of documents, or one particular event [Bogdan and Biklen, 1982].† Case study approach is categorized as ‘Non-Participant’ qualitative research. Therefore, the first stage of research will comprise of short listing of the educational institutions where the case studies will be carried out. The first criteria will be selecting those institutions that employ accelerated learning techniques. Educational institutions with traditional setting will also be included in the case study for comparative analysis. Survey research is one of the most widely used forms of research among the educational researchers. It involves researchers asking a large group of people questions about a particular topic. All surveys possess three basic characteristics: (1) the collection of information (2) from a sample (3) by asking a question. A survey can be carried out by conducting interviews with individuals or groups and use of questionnaires. In the second stage of the research the researcher will use a detailed questionnaire, testing quantitatively a much larger sample of teachers. Based on the initial literature review the author will prepare a preliminary questionnaire which be circulated to a small sample. Based on the results of the initial response the questionnaire will be refined and will be sent to a much larger sample. Research analysis will be done based on the method proposed by Hycner (1985). According to him, the analysis requires the researcher to read the transcripts; identify themes; confirm the accuracy of the interpretation and produce a final summary. Thus the information will be analyzed accordingly and a brief summary will be prepared. References Adey, P. Robertson, A. Venville, G. (2002) Effects of a cognitive acceleration programme on Year 1 pupils British Journal of Educational Psychology 72 (1) pp.1-25 Bogdan, R. and Biklen, S. (1982). Qualitative Research for education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Brain Gym International (ONLINE www.braingym.org). Burns, N., Grove, S. K. (1997). The practice of nursing research. Conduct, critique and utilization. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders. Cannell, C. Fowler, F. J. Kalton, G. Oksenberg, E. Bischoping, K. (2004) New quantitative techniques for presenting survey questions in Bulmer M (ed) Questionnaires Volume IV Eondon: SAGE Publications Etd. Cohen, I. Goldsmith, M. (2002) Hands on how to use brain gym in the classroom Ventura: Edu-Kinesthetics Inc. Dennison, D. Dennison, G. (1994) Brain gym teachers edition revised 2 ed. Califonia: Edu-Kinesthetics Inc. Dennison, G. (2001) Brain gym for preschoolers in a Headstart Program USA: Brain Gym International (ONEINE http://www.braingym.org/). Drabben-Thiemann G Hedwig D Kenklies M Yon Blomberg A Marahrens G Marahrens A Hager K (2001) The effects of brain gym on the cognitive performance of Alzheimers patients Brain Gym Journal XVI (1) pp.10, USA: Brain Gym International (ONLINE www.braingym.org). Hycner, R H (1985) Some guidelines for the phenomenological analysis of interview data, Human Studies 8, 279-303 International Alliance for Learning (IAL) (2000) Spirit of accelerated learning; unity, self systems and society Atlanta: Teach America Cooperation. Long M (2000) The psychology of education London: RoutledgeFalmer, Magidson E L (2004) Educational kinesiology and brain gym. Creative Counseling Consulting (ONLINE http://members.aol.com/braingym/bg.htmr). Naughton G M Rolfe S A Siraj-Blatchford I (2001) International Perspectives on theory and practice Buckingham: Open University Press Northumberland LEA (2004) The thinking classroom Northumberland: LEA (ONLINE http://ngfl.northumberland.gov.uk/). Prashnig B (1998) The power of diversity new ways of learning and teaching Stafford: Network Educational Press Ltd. Schuster D H Gritton C E (1986) Suggestive accelerative learning techniques London: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. Smith A (1996) Accelerated learning in the classroom Stafford: Network Educational Press Stockwell T (1992) Accelerated learning in theory and practice Liechtenstein: Druckerei Gutenburg AG Sutherland M (1988) Theory of education Harlow: Longman

Atomic Bomb :: essays research papers

Atomic bombs were the first nuclear weapons to be developed, tested, and used. In the late 1930s physicists in Europe and the United States realized that the fission of uranium could be used to create an extremely powerful explosive weapon. In August 1939, German American physicist Albert Einstein sent a letter to U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt that described this discovery and warned of its potential development by other nations. The U.S. government established the top secret Manhattan Project in 1942 to develop an atomic device. The leader of the Manhattan Project was U.S. Army Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves. His team, working in several locations but in large part at Los Alamos, New Mexico, under the direction of American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, designed and built the first atomic bombs. The first atomic explosion was conducted, as a test, at Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. The energy released from this explosion was equivalent to that released by the detonation of 20,000 tons of TNT. Near the end of World War II, on August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. It followed with a second bomb against the city of Nagasaki on August 9. According to U.S. estimates, 60,000 to 70,000 people were killed by the Hiroshima bomb, called â€Å"Little Boy,† and about 40,000 by the bomb dropped on Nagasaki, called â€Å"Fat Man.† Japan agreed to Allied terms of surrender on August 14th. These are the only times that a nuclear weapon has been used in a conflict between nations. Fusion bombs, also called hydrogen or thermonuclear bombs, were developed and tested in the early 1950s, but these have never been used in warfare. A thermonuclear device depends on a fission reaction to produce extreme heat that causes hydrogen isotopes of deuterium and tritium to come together, or fuse, but the main energy source for thermonuclear devices comes from the fusion reaction, not the triggering fission reaction. For more information on this type of bomb, see Hydrogen Bomb.

A Look into the Secrets Behind Advertising Essay -- Advertisements Med

A Look into the Secrets behind Advertising Did you know that in the course of an average day you are bombarded by over three thousand advertisements? (Faigley 93) From bus stations and newspapers, to e-mails, television, and music videos, today's marketers are finding innovative ways to make their advertisements sophisticated and appealing so that they can lure consumers to their products. How has this phenomena occurred? This â€Å"strategic advertising† is not as complicated as it sounds. In fact, businesses use a formula-like approach when creating such advertisements. In order to be a savvy consumer, I recommend that you be aware of these techniques. To create an ad, businesses research consumer trends. One steadily growing trend in America is the â€Å"on-the-go† fast food industry . . . and it seems as if Americans can not get enough of those juicy cheeseburgers and greasy fries! In order to encourage healthier habits, marketers focus on weight loss and fitness, using strategic advertising to sell their product. An excellent example of strategic advertising is found in the January 2004 issue of People Magazine . This ad, sponsored by Life Time Fitness, promotes Lean Source weight supplement pills. The ad pictures a beautiful, healthy model standing on the beach during a cloudy day. Her arms are wide open, directing us to read the words written below. In the corner of the ad sits a bright bottle of Lean Source weight loss pills and a â€Å"stamp† of approval for the product. This advertisement illustrates how a company uses strategic advertising to sell its product to consumers like us by displaying its supposed credibility, emotional and sexual appeal, and effective visual design. ... ...Life Time Fitness's ad utilizes marketing strategies by making the ad believable, emotionally and sexually attractive, and visually pleasing. Congratulations! You are now an official savvy consumer, so the next time you see an ad that â€Å"catches your eye†, be sure to take a second glance at it. You will be thankful that you did. Works Cited Faigley , Lester, and Jack Selzer . Good Reasons with Contemporary Arguments . 2nd ed . New York : Pearson bbbbbbLongman, 2004. Meadows, Michelle. â€Å"Public Health Officials Caution Against Ephedra Use† FDA Consumer Magazine June 2003:1-3. 2003. U.S . Food and Drug Administration. 26 Jan. 2004 . Zarefsky , David. Public Speaking: Strategies for Success, Penn State Version . 2003-2004 ed . New York : Pearson Printing, 2003.